Python Operators

• Operators are special symbols that are used to perform operations on the variables and the values.

• Consider an expression 10 + 20 = 30. Here, + is an operator that performs addition. 10 and 20 are called operands and 30 is the output of the operation.

• In general, the operand is a variable or a value that the operator operates on.

• The most commonly used operator groups in python language are listed below

• Arithmetic Operators

• Comparison/Relational Operators

• Logical Operators

• Assignment Operators

• Bitwise Operators

• Identity Operators

• Membership Operators

• Let's have a look at each operator with their syntax.

Arithmetic Operators:

• Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.,

Operator	Name	Description	Syntax Example
+	Addition	Add two operands	a + b
-	Subtraction	Subtract right operand from the left operand	a - b
*	Multiplication	Multiply two operands	a * b
/	Division	Divide left operand by right operand (result – float)	a / b
%	Modulus	Returns the remainder of the division of the left operand by the right operand	a % b
//	Floor Division	Returns Quotient of the division of left operand by right operand (result – the whole number)	a // b
**	Exponentiation	Exponent – Left operand raised to the power of right operand	a ** b

• Example: Arithmetic operators in Python

Arithmetic operation

Output

Comparison/Relational Operators:

• Comparison operators are used to comparing two values and return either True or False based on the condition.

Operator	Name	Description	Syntax Example
==	Equal	Returns True – If both operands are equal	a == b
!=	Not Equal	Returns True – If both operands are not equal	a != b
>	Greater than	Returns True – If the left operand is greater than right operand	a > b
<	Less than	Returns True – If the left operand is less than the right operand	a < b
>=	Greater than or equal to	Returns True – If the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand	a >= b
<=	Less than or equal to	Returns True – If the left operand is lesser than or equal to the right operand	a <= b

• Example: Comparison operators in Python

Comparison Operators Python

Output

Logical Operators:

• Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements or variables or values using Logical AND, Logical OR, and Logical Not.

Operator	Name	Description	Syntax Example
and	Logical AND	Returns True – If both operands are true	a and b
or	Logical OR	Returns True – If either of the operands is true	a or b
not	Logical NOT	Returns True – If the operand is false	not a

• Example: Logical operators in Python

Logical operators Python

Output

Assignment Operators:

• Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Name	Description	Syntax Example
=	Assign	Assign the value of right operand to left operand	c = a + b
+=	Add and Assign	Add right operand with left operand and then assign to left operand	a+=b --> a = a+b
-=	Subtract and Assign	Subtract right operand from left operand and then assign to left operand	a-=b --> a = a-b
*=	Multiply and Assign	Multiply right operand with left operand and then assign to left operand	a*=b --> a = a*b
/=	Divide and Assign	Divide left operand with right operand and then assign to left operand	a/=b --> a = a/b
%=	Modulus and Assign	Takes remainder using left and right operand and then assign to left operand	a%=b --> a = a%b
//=	Floor Division and Assign	Divide left operand with right operand and then assign floor value to left operand	a//=b --> a = a//b
**=	Exponent and Assign	Finds exponent value using operands and then assign value to left operand	a**=b --> a = a**b
&=	Bitwise AND and Assign	Perform Bitwise AND on operands and then assign value to left operand	a&=b --> a = a&b
|=	Bitwise OR and Assign	Perform Bitwise OR on operands and then assign value to left operand	a|=b --> a = a|b
^=	Bitwise XOR and Assign	Perform Bitwise XOR on operands and then assign value to left operand	a^=b --> a = a^b
>>=	Bitwise right shift and Assign	Perform Bitwise right shift on operands and then assign value to left operand	a>>=b --> a = a>>b
<<=	Bitwise left shift and Assign	Perform Bitwise left shift on operands and then assign value to left operand	a<<=b --> a = a<<b

Bitwise Operators:

• Bitwise operators work on bits and perform bit by bit operation.

• For example, 4 is 100 in binary, and 7 is 111.

Operator	Name	Description	Syntax Example
&	Bitwise AND	The operator sets bit result to 1 if both operand bits are 1	x & y
|	Bitwise OR	The operator sets bit result to 1 if one of the two operand bits is 1	x | y
~	Bitwise NOT	Inverts all the bits	~ x
^	Bitwise XOR	The operator sets bit result to 1 if only one of the two operand bits is 1, not both	x ^ y
>>	Bitwise right shift	Left operand value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand	x >>
<<	Bitwise left shift	Left operand value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand	x <<

• Example: Bitwise operators in Python

Bitwise operator Python

Output

Identity Operators:

• Identity operators are used to compare the memory location of the objects.
• If two variables are equal in value, it doesn't imply that they are identical.

Operator	Description	Syntax Example
is	Returns True – If both variables refer to the same object	x is y
is not	Returns True – If both variables do not refer to the same object	x is not y

  

• Example: Identity operators in Python

Identity Operator Python

Output

Membership Operators:

• Membership operators are used to test whether a value or a variable is found in a collection sequence ( list, string, tuple, set, and dictionary).
• In a dictionary, we can check only the presence of the key, not the value.

Operator	Description	Syntax Example
In	Returns True – If value/variable is found in the specified sequence.	x in y
not in	Returns True – If value/variable is not found in the specified sequence.	x not in y

• Example: Membership operators in Python

Membership Operator Python

Output